Glavin's row houses, 120-122 Little Lonsdale Street, Melbourne
Butler, Graeme1985
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Glavin's row houses, 120-122 Little Lonsdale Street, Melbourne
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Date of work:
1985
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BIF-CITY 106054
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Item from Collection: Heritage Collection (HC)
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Series: Central City (BIF-CITY)
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RESEARCH ADDED BY GRAEME BUTLER 2022:__________________________________________________Period: Early VictorianDATE: 1870;ASSOCIATIONS: John Glavin;DESIGNER: William Chard?;BUILDER: William ChardNotable features: High integrity for age, position..Graeme Butler & Associates 2010. HERITAGE ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS AT 116-132 LITTLE LONSDALE ST, MELBOURNE.Statement of SignificanceWhat is significant?Built for the Exploration Hotel keeper, John Glavin, in 1870 this two storey row house pair adjoining the former Exploration Hotel was at the centre of well publicised and documented criminal and social events that characterised the district later known as `Little Lon’. With the adjoining hotel, the pair functioned as residential option for travellers attending the adjoining hotel while at the same time being well publicised in the daily press for its role in a long-running legal dispute over the claims on duplicate wills of its deceased owner.Like the hotel, the pair has the characteristic simple form and finish of early Colonial row houses.How is it significantThe row house pair 120-122 Little Lonsdale Street is of local historical interest to the City of Melbourne.Why is it significantThe row house pair at 120-122 Little Lonsdale Street is locally significant.Historically:The house pair is part of an important Victorian and Edwardian-era streetscape (118-132 Little Lonsdale Street) that draws from the simple early Colonial form of the Exploration Hotel while exhibiting a change in use, but not architectural style, within its main development periods.The pair forms part of a building group that aligns with other nearby key Victorian-era sites such as the important Wesleyan mission and church complex and the nearby former synagogue (later Salvation Army mission hall) at the Exhibition street corner as fragments from what was a densely developed area in the 19th century. The adjoining building group and this key site represent some of the elements that made up the reputation of `Little Lon’ being the modest dwellings, charitable institutions, popular corner hotels and associated boarding houses and later factory use when residential turned to industry at the City’s edge.The activities around the house pair and adjoining hotel have been documented over time, allowing a depth of interpretation of the building’s history and that of its setting as among the last of Victorian-era parts of Melbourne’s `Little Lon’.AestheticallyThe former row houses and their setting evoke an aesthetic linked with early Victorian-era architecture, with heritage recognition including the 1976 CBD conservation study, the CAD 1985 heritage study, 2002 CAD heritage review, and more recently the National Trust of Australia (Vic) classification in recognition, in part, of its evocation of the `Little Lon’ ethos..CONTEXT (WITH GJM HERITAGE) 2020, HODDLE GRID HERITAGE REVIEW.What is significant?The pair of houses at 120-122 Little Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, dated to 1872 and located within the Little Lonsdale Street Precinct.Elements that contribute to the significance of the place include (but are not limited to):• The building’s original external form, materials and detailing;• The building’s high level of integrity to its original design;• Pattern and size of original fenestration, and original bluestone sills;• Simple rendered façade with simple classical detailing;• Moulded parapet cornice supported by brackets at each end and a plain string course at the first-floor level; and• Original bluestone doorstep (at no.120).More recent alterations, including the replacement sash windows, are not significant.How it is significant?120-122 Little Lonsdale Street, Melbourne is of local historic, rarity and representative significance.Why it is significant?The pair of houses at 120-122 Little Lonsdale Street is historically significant for its demonstration of less salubrious 'fringe' areas of mostly Irish immigrants, which had emerged by the late 1840s and early 1850s in an area referred to as 'Little Lon’. The two earlier houses on the site of 120-122 Little Lonsdale Street have their origins in this period, with the current houses replacing these in the early 1870s. (Criterion A)120-122 Little Lonsdale Street is a rare example of early residences in the central city. Although several other early examples exist (all with individual HOs) at 74 Collins Street, 330 King Street and 261 William Street and 215-217 Swanston Street (recommended for HO), nos.120-122 Little Lonsdale Street is unusual in its retention of the ground floor residential appearance. The pair of houses compare in period and style with 17 Casselden Place of 1876. (Criterion B)The pair of houses at 120-122 Little Lonsdale Street is significant for its residential typology of the mid-Victorian period. Attributes of the place include the simple and unadorned façade that is reflective of early Victorian design and construction, and the plain rendered wall surface with minimal ornamentation. The sash windows and the one remaining door onto the street reinforce its residential typology. 120-122 Little Lonsdale Street contributes to an unusually cohesive early streetscape in Little Lonsdale Street. (Criterion D)Primary sourceHoddle Grid Heritage Review (Context & GJM Heritage, 2020).GRAEME BUTLER 1985 MELBOURNE CENTRAL ACTIVITIES DISTRICT CONSERVATION STUDYBUILDING IDENTIFICATION FORM cites source 77__________________________________________________DARYL JACKSON EVAN WALKER ARCHITECTS PTY. LTD 1976 FOR HISTORIC BUILDINGS PRESERVATION COUNCIL; MELBOURNE: THE AREA BOUNDED BY VICTORIA, SPRING, LONSDALE AND SWANSTON STS (source 77)Address120-122 Little Lonsdale StreetDate Built 1855ReferenceHI3Original UseHousesPresent UseHousesOther ReferencesStreetscape No. 7 (A group of two buildings, Nos. 116-118 and 120-122 Little Lonsdale street, the fo~merhaving originally been a hotel, the latter a pa r of houses.).1. HistoricalOwned from 1855 by Mrs. Skinner (1) until 1871 when bought by G. Glavin (2). Glavin probably was relateded (or even the same .person as?) the Walter or Patrick Glavin who was licensee of the Exploration Hotel nextdoor. From 1895 used as a carpentry shop (3) and c.1910 occupied by a Chinese cabinetmaker 42..·Architectural2.1 Built in 1855 and described as two 5 roomed brick houses (1).Footnotes(1 )M.C. C. Rate Book, Gipps Ward, 1855(2) M.C.C. Rate :Sook, Gipps Ward, 1871.(3) M.M.B.W. Detail Plan, 1895.(4) Mahlstedt c1910 map .__________________________________________________Graeme Butler & Associates 2010. HERITAGE ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS AT 116-132 LITTLE LONSDALE ST, MELBOURNE.Row Houses, 120-122 Little Lonsdale Street, Melbourne 3000HistoryThis building is part of a building group located on Allotments 13-14 of Section 26, Parish of North Melbourne, adjoining allotment 12. John Wollaston was the crown grantee of two blocks 12 & 13 sold in 1848-9, allotment 12 for ₤167 and allotment 13 for ₤164. Douglas Thomas Kilburn was the crown grantee of land surrounding this site in 1848-9: Allotments 14 & 15, Section 26.Crown Grantee John Wollaston commenced a subdivision of this corner in 1850, selling this lot (two lots each of 14 feet width) to Pat Purcell who resold to William Middleton for a ₤55. William and Ellen Skinner obtained the lot from Middleton's mortgagors (Union Benefit Building & Investment Society) for ₤160 in 1852. The first rate book entry for the site was in 1854 when a pair of houses was described as being of brick and three rooms each, indicative of one storey only. Bibb's plan of 1856 shows a similar outline (of brick) and De Gruchy and Leigh's 1866 view shows a one storey pair on or near the site while the rate description is still three rooms in 1864, for 120 (then 125 Little Lonsdale St), and two rooms for 122 (then 123 Little Lonsdale St).By the 1865-6 rate assessments, both 120 and 122 Little Lonsdale Street were described as ‘Brick house bad repair’ on land measuring 14x60 feet occupied by J Mortimer and George Johnston, respectively. Rate descriptions from 1868-1870 had houses of 5-6 rooms each (indicating two levels) but with no change in their annual valuation.By 1868, Ellen Skinner’s executors were rated for 120-122 Little Lonsdale Street; Mrs Skinner’s death however left an uncertain bequest.A trial, possessing rather peculiar features, took place last week in the Supreme Court, before Mr. Justice Molesworth. An old .woman named Skinner, whose husband had -deserted her, who had no relatives in the colony, nor, as far as was known, in the world, amassed some property - about five hundred pounds in the Savings-bank, and three cottages in Little Lonsdale-street. Being uneducated, she employed different persons to collect her rents and bank her money for her, among others John Glavin, of the Exploration Hotel, a neighbour ; and afterwards Thomas. , Jennings, stonemason, another neighbour.In the beginning of November, 1867, she was taken ill, and was confined to her bed, her sickness eventually terminating in her death on the 20th of that month. After her decease, both Jennings and Glavin produced wills pur porting to be made by her-that of the former in favour of his son. This will date 15th November. The other will was dated on 16th November, and by it -all the property was left to Glavin. The evidence in support of these was of an extraordinarily conflicting nature. The deceased was a markswoman (signed by making her mark), so that no assistance could be derived from a comparison of her handwriting, and each of tho rival claimants alleges that the will of the other is a forgery.Glavin swore that Mrs. Skinner sent for him three days before sho died, that at her request he drew up the will, which was witnessed by Michael Woolff, a cigar-maker, and Hannah Wells, an illiterate person, who had to make her mark attesting it. None of these parties saw Jennings at the place. On the other hand, Jennings and his wife swore that they were in constant attendance on the old woman for ten days before she died; that one or other of them was always in the house; that neither Glavin nor Woolf, .came near the house during that time ; that Wells was constantly drunk, so that it was impossible this will could have been executed. As to Jennings' will, it was alleged that on the Friday before her death Mrs. Skinner showed Jennings a document which she said .was her will, and asked him to sign it. He went out, met a man in the street, a perfect stranger, who accompanied him into the house, and there and then Mrs. Skinner signed the document, the others attesting it. Mrs. Wells swore that she was with the sick woman during all this time, and that neither Jennings nor Williams "(the name of the other .witness) could have entered the place. Mr. Justice Molesworth' took time to consider be fore giving his decision.Figure 31 Hotel, part group by Karl Halla, ` 1960 - 1970. Little Lonsdale Street between Russell Street and Exhibition Street ‘ showing Perlow Motors occupying the former Exploration Hotel (North Melbourne Library)...Figure 32 De Gruchy & Leigh Isometric View of Melbourne 1866 (State Library of Victoria) shows Exploration Hotel (with a differing roof form?) adjoining a vacant lot and single storey houses at or near 122-124The Skinner’s lives were then well publicised in the courts before His Honour Mr. Justice Molesworth, 1868.Mr. Billing moved, on behalf of William Skinner, husband of Ellen Devlin, otherwise Skinner, for a rule nisi for revocation of letters of administration granted to John Glavin. The case had already been before the Court, and he would read in support of the application an affidavit which had been made by William Skinner, the husband of the deceased. The affidavit stated that on tho 22nd August, 1848, the plaintiff was married to Ellen Devlin, then a spinster, in the parish church of Newton, near Hobart Town, by the Rev. Thos. J. Ewing, according to the rites and ceremonies of the Church of England.Plaintiff resided with his wife at Hobart Town for about two years, and in 1850 they went to reside in Melbourne, where they lived together until the discovery of the gold-fields in 1851. Shortly after the discovery of gold, the plaintiff and his wife proceeded to Forest Creek, where they lived together for about eighteen months. During that time the plaintiff realised a large sum of money, and early in the year 1852 he and his wife re turned to Melbourne. Shortly after he arrived in Melbourne, the plaintiff purchased of one William Middleton, a piece of land in Little Lonsdale-street east, with two houses erected thereon, and he instructed his solicitor, Mr. P. A. C. O'Farrell, to prepare a conveyance of the property to Michael Sullivan in trust for his wife ; and the conveyance was duly prepared, executed, and registered. His wife was eighteen years older than himself, and being of a quarrel- some temper they agreed to separate. As a provision for her maintenance the plaintiff gave his wife a sum of money in cash, and she afterwards resided in one of the houses elected on the said land, and received the rent of the other house. About the year 1854, the plaintiff visited England, and re turned to Melbourne in about fifteen months. He again resided with his wife for about a month, when finding that they could not agree, they consented verbally again to separate, but no judicial separation was at any time had, and he (the plaintiff) commenced business in Sydney. In the month of November, 1867, his wife died. In October, 1868, administration (with will annexed) of the goods of Ellen Devlin was granted to John Glavin, of Little Lonsdale-street east, publican, The will was made in the maiden name of plaintiff's wife, and gave all her money in the Melbourne Savings Bank, and her houses in Little Lonsdale-street east, to the said J. Glavin. As such administrator, the said J. Glavin had received from the Savings Bank at Melbourne a sum of upwards of £400, lodged there by the plaintifl's wife in her maiden name, and had also taken possession of the houses in question, under the will. He had also obtained possession of the conveyance of the said houses, and re fused to allow the plaintiff or his solicitor to inspect the same. The plaintiff further stated that he was advised, and verily believed, that his wife had no legal right to make a will or to dispose of the said money or houses, and that he was entitled thereto, and to ad minister to his said wife. There was a further affidavit stating that the plaintiff had only obtained this information very lately.His HONOUR remarked that as to the free- hold land, the plaintiff had merely to bring an action of ejectment against the person who occupied it. As to the personalty, he also doubted tho necessity of this application. If the administration had been given as of a feme sole, the husband was entitled to bring an action against the administrator. How-ever, if it was desired, he would grant the rule nisi to revoke the letters of administration.Despite this finding, Exploration Hotel keeper and former policeman, John Glavin appears to have eventually won the case and proceeded to rebuild the adjoining houses at 120-122 Little Lonsdale Street. Tenders were called in April 1869 for `taking down two houses, adjoining the Exploration Hotel, Little Lonsdale Street’ with the specification available at the hotel. Another newspaper report described taking down an `old building’ next to the hotel. Glavin notified the City Council of his intention to building in May 1869, describing the work modestly as `2 small houses’ but incurring a ₤3 application fee nevertheless; his builder was William Chard of Franklin Street. Glavin had already called tenders earlier in March for `repairs’ but may have decide to rebuild instead.Glavin was near completing the work within months, as indicated by tenders called in The Argus to erect a closet (toilet) 20 July 1869 and in September for two kitchens. Two flights of stairs and ledged and braced doors were advertised for sale in July as probable remnants of the previous houses on the site.By 1871 the rate description for both 120 and 122 was `Bk house 5 rms. 13 x 70’ with a Nett Annual Value (NAV) of ₤40 each. In previous years 1868-70, they had been two five or six-room brick houses ranging in valuation from ₤24 to ₤30 NAV (the pound was also devalued 1870-1). in the same year tenders were called Glavin’s wife of only three years, Elizabeth, died at their residence, Exploration Hotel, Little Lonsdale-street; she was aged twenty-two. Glavin himself died at the nearby Melbourne Hospital in 1884; he was the son of Pat and Margaret GlavinWalter and later Thomas Glavin owned and advertised the house pair for sale in 1875 (122-124) when it was boasted that…the houses have not long been built…’.WEDNESDAY, JULY 28.LITTLE LONSDALE-STREET EAST.Sale by Public Auction of FREEHOLD LAND and Well-built BRICK HOUSES.Close to the Exploration Hotel.By Order of the Administrator to tho Estate of the Late Mr. Walter Glavin.For Positive and Absolute Sale.To Investors, Trustees. Capitalists, Freehold Property Buyers, Building Society Shareholders, and Others.ALFRED BLISS has been favoured with Instructions from tho administrator to SELL by PUBLIC AUCTION, on tho promises, Little Lonsdale-street east, near the Exploration Hotel, on Wednesday, July 28, at half-past one o'clock,All that piece or parcel of freehold land having a frontage of 28ft. to Little Lonsdale-street cast, by a depth of 80ft., with a right-of-way In tho rear, on which are erectedTWO TWO-STORY BRICK HOUSES,With slate roots and stuccoed fronts, each containing four rooms and a kitchen, and beingNos. 121 and 123 LITTLE LONSDALE STREET EAST.This Is a valuable city property; the houses have not long been built, and are erected in the best manner, with the most superior materials-in fact, are not to be surpassed in the locality.Title perfect. For particulars apply to Mr. William Cuddy, solicitor, chancery-lane.Terms-One-third cash, balance three and six months, bearing 8 per cent., or cash, at the option of the purchaser.Sale takes place on the property, 121 and 123 Little Lonsdale-street east, on Wednesday, July 28, at half past quo o'clock._Glavin sold to Esther (wife of Simeon) Cohen in 1875 for ₤860 who leased 120 Little Lonsdale Street to Margaret Courtney in 1878 for 8 years. Cohen sold 122 Little Lonsdale Street to Catherine Dolan (wife of John Dolan) in 1875, retaining 120 Little Lonsdale Street for use with the hotel for a boarding house, as had been the case in the past.Simeon CohenSimeon Cohen (late of Birmingham) had married Esther on the 8 November 1854, by the Rev. Mr. Rintel, at the residence of the bride's father Mr. John Levy, of Carlton-terrace, King William Street, Collingwood. However the business partnership did not survive the marriage when NOTICE was given that the partnership between Simeon Cohen and Nathaniel Levi or Levy (Cohen and Levi), as auctioneers, 30 Queen street, was dissolved by mutual consent in 1855. Cohen was a Melbourne City Councillor in the 1860s and prominent in the Melbourne Jewish community, aiding in the development of the Melbourne Jewish School among other roles. His son, Montague (Monty) Cohen (1855-1931) became a noted lawyer and businessman in the Colony.Figure 33 MMBW Detail Plan (part) 1896 showing 120 (old number 125), 122 (old number 123) adjoining 124 (old number 121, rebuilt 1914)The new owner of 122 Little Lonsdale Street in the 1870s, Catherine Dolan, died in 1879 leaving 122 to James Dolan who resold it to Harriet Dodd; Dodd was the rated owner from 1881. Alice Thomson purchased 122 in 1886 and sold it in 1897 to John Lang Thomson for £400.A Mrs Thompson occupied 122 Little Lonsdale Street by the mid 1890s while 120 and the hotel were sold to the West End Brewery in 1885, This firm became the Carlton Brewery Ltd.Thomson sold 122 Little Lonsdale Street to Wyville Thomson in 1906 for £1,526. After Wyville’s death, probate was granted in South Australia in 1915. The house was then sold for £575 to Lucca Singh a ‘dealer’ of Market Street in 1921 as an indication of a multi-cultural residency at that time in that part of Melbourne.The Carlton Brewery Ltd. sold 120 Little Lonsdale Street and the adjoining hotel to Sam Cronin in 1914, after the hotel had lost its license. Cronin sold the former hotel to Charlie Ah Ten for ₤850 and in 1917 sold 120 Little Lonsdale Street to Eliza Charlotte Taylor of Cheltenham who converted the Old Law title to Torrens in 1920. Then the house was sold to Sarah Bremmer, a housewife of Exhibition Street in 1921 and, after her death, to William O’Brien, a labourer, of Collingwood in 1922. Later owners of 122 Little Lonsdale Street included Julia Cooney of 178 Little Lonsdale Street in 1925The houses at 120 and 122 Little Lonsdale Street were reunited under single ownership by James Claude Henderson, a Parkville engineer, in 1941, and Michael Klarberg, a St Kilda shirt manufacturer and his wife, Henie, in 1946.The Klarbergs held 120-122 Little Lonsdale Street into the 1970s, followed by two solicitors and a company director including Francis Lewis. The houses have reputedly been converted into a single dwelling. After 1966 the front door to 120 (on the east side of the façade) was converted into a window, with a new bluestone sill to match the existing ground floor window.Figure 34 Figure 35 Building group by Karl Halla, ` 1960 - 1970. Little Lonsdale Street between Russell Street and Exhibition Street ‘ showing Perlow Motors occupying the former Exploration Hotel (North Melbourne Library)A colourful phase in the pair’s history was its use as the Mad Hatter discothèque for Mods, a teenager style group of the 1960s Beatle era. It was the scene of what was described as `one of the most brutal incidents' in the teenage street wars of the period. One Saturday night August 1966 the Mod’s arch rivals, the Sharpies, mobbed the disco for a `fight to the finish', goading the Mods inside to come out and fight. Workers at Perlow Motors who were located next door at the former Exploration Hotel, came to the aid of the Mods but inspired a massive Sharpie reprisal, who attacked Perlow workers and their premises. In response Perlow Motors asked police to reactivate the old bodgie squad or Special Uniform Branch of the 1950s as protection but their request was-rejected. Instead Melbourne tow-truck operators combined to repel the Sharpie gang. In the same period, the legendary Frank Traynor’s jazz club operated nearby at the north-west corner of Exhibition and Little Lonsdale Streets, with other discotheques located further north in the city, all perpetuating the role of `Little Lon’ as an alternative place of entertainment for the well-informed, as staged in cheap rented buildings.__________________________________________________CONTEXT (WITH GJM HERITAGE) 2020, HODDLE GRID HERITAGE REVIEWHO1296Residences120-122 LittleLonsdale Street(c1855/1869-1870)SummarySignificance· Historically significant for their demonstration of less salubrious ‘fringe’ areas of mostly Irish immigrants, referred to as ‘Little Lon’ precinct.· Significant as a rare example of early 1855/1870 residences in the central city, with unusual retention of the ground floor residential appearance.· Significant as representative of mid-Victorian residences, with a simple and unadorned façade..SITE HISTORYOriginal grantee John Wollaston commenced subdivision of this corner in 1850. In 1854-55 the subject site was owned by Mrs Skinner with the ratebook entry noting that the site comprised a single storey pair of brick houses with each house comprising three rooms. Bibb's plan of 1856 shows a similar outline for each house, and De Gruchy and Leigh's 1866 view appears to show a one-storey pair on the site, while the rate description is unchanged. Rate descriptions from 1868-70 describe houses of 5-6 rooms each indicating that at this time the houses were redeveloped to a two-storey pair (Butler, 2010).Former policeman and owner of adjoining Exploration Hotel John Glavin called for tenders for 'repairs' in March 1869, but must have decided to rebuild instead, and in April 1869 tenders were called for 'taking down two houses adjoining the Exploration Hotel, Little Lonsdale Street' (Fels, Lavelle & Mider 1993, inventory no 109). Glavin notified Council in May of his intention to build two small houses on the site. Tenders were called in July to erect a closet (toilet) and in September for two kitchens. Two flights of stairs and ledged and braced doors were advertised for sale in July as probable remnants of the previous houses on the site. By 1871 the rate description of both 120 and 122 was 'Bk house 5 rooms 13x70' with a Net Annual Value (NAV) of £40 each (Butler, 2010).By 1872, the current houses at 120-122 Little Lonsdale Street (then known as 121-123 Little Lonsdale Street East) were certainly erected (S&Mc 1873). In 1875, the properties were advertised for sale by auction, being described as ‘a valuable city property…not long been built’ (Argus 27 July 1875:2). Several years later, in 1879, the properties were auctioned again, noted as ‘equal to new’ and ‘the best in the neighbourhood’ with garden, yard and right of way to the rear (Age 18 December 1879:4).John Glavin often appeared in police reports on robberies and assaults in the hotel as well as in the dwellings on the lane side of the hotel. The area of Little Lonsdale Street is often referred to in police reports being made up of brothels, hovels and, in one report from 1862, ‘A School of Vice’ (National Trust News, vol 3, no.3:27). In 1895 the site of 120 Little Lonsdale Street (or its adjacent building) is shown as ‘carpenter’s shop’ (Figure 1) (MMBW Detailed Plan 1895).After a series of owners, the two houses were reunited under a single ownership by James Claude Henderson, a Parkville engineer, in 1941. The whole property was used as a discotheque known as the Mad Hatter in the 1960s Beatle era (Butler, 2010).120-122 Little Lonsdale Street is part of the Little Lonsdale Street precinct, formerly the Little Lon Precinct.Figure 1. 120-122 Little Lonsdale Street in 1895. (Source: MMBW Detail Plan no 2019, 1895)REFERENCESAge, as cited.Argus, as cited.Australian Architectural Index (AAI), as cited. Copyright Miles Lewis.Butler, G & Associates, 2010, Heritage Assessment of Buildings at 116-132 Little Lonsdale Street, Melbourne (HERMES 149566)City of Melbourne Maps (CoMMaps), http://maps.melbourne.vic.gov.au/, accessed 2 May 2018.The University of Melbourne, http://www.emelbourne.net.au, accessed 4 May 2018.Fels, M, Lavelle S, and Mider D 1993, ‘Archaeological Management Plan’, prepared for the City of Melbourne.Halla, K J 1967, 'Little Lonsdale Street North between Bennetts Lane and Exploration Lane, Melbourne', State Library of Victoria (SLV): Halla collection of negatives: views of East Melbourne, Fitzroy, Melbourne and North Melbourne, accessed online 2 May 2018.Halla, K J 1966, 'Little Lonsdale Street North, corner [of] Exploration Lane, Melbourne', State Library of Victoria (SLV): Halla collection of negatives: views of East Melbourne, Fitzroy, Melbourne and North Melbourne, accessed online 2 May 2018.National Trust News, November 2010, vol.3,no.3Melbourne Building Application Index (MBAI), retrieved from Ancestry.com 2015, Victoria, Australia, Selected Trial Brief and Correspondence Registers and Other Images, 1837-1993 [database on-line], http://ancestry.com.au, accessed online May 2018.Melbourne Metropolitan Board of Works (MMBW) Detail Plan, as cited, State Library of Victoria.Melbourne Planning Scheme (MPS), 'Melbourne and its Heritage Precincts', reference document to Clause 22.06 Heritage Precincts Policy of the Melbourne Planning Scheme, https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au, accessed 2 May 2018.
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